In that report, knowledge and technology are addressed as means of supporting sustainable development. The Brundtland Report provides the most popular definition of sustainable development: “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (World Commission on Environment and Development 1987, p. A number of suggestions for future studies on digital sustainability are also put forward. The paper concludes with a research agenda identifying topics for sustainability scholars and information systems academics, as well as practitioners. We then apply those characteristics to four exemplary cases: Linux kernel development, Bitcoin cryptocurrency, the Wikipedia project, and the Linking Open Drug Data repositories. Based on these insights, we propose ten basic conditions for sustainable digital artifacts and their ecosystem to ensure that they provide the greatest possible benefit for sustainable development. A theoretical foundation for digital artifacts and their ecosystem allows us to present the relevant research on digital information, knowledge management, digital goods, and innovation literature. In our view, the sustainability of digital artifacts improves their potential impact on sustainable development. While over-consumption is a problem facing natural resources, with sustainable digital artifacts, underproduction, and underuse are the biggest challenges. In this conceptual paper, we argue that digital artifacts themselves ought also to be considered as resources, which also need to be sustainable. To date, sustainability literature has treated knowledge-and in particular digital artifacts-mainly as a means to the end of achieving sustainable development. slice-overlap artifact a.k.a.The modern age has heralded a shift from the industrial society, in which natural resources are crucial input factors for the economy, towards a knowledge society.propylene glycol peak: resonates at 1.13 ppm.N-acetylaspartate (NAA) peak: resonates at 2.0 ppm.glutamine-glutamate peak: resonates at 2.2-2.4 ppm.gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) peak: resonates at 2.2-2.4 ppm.2-hydroxyglutarate peak: resonates at 2.25 ppm.arterial spin labeling (ASL) MR perfusion.dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MR perfusion.dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion.metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS).turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM).fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR).diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography.MRI pulse sequences ( basics | abbreviations | parameters).iodinated contrast-induced thyrotoxicosis.iodinated contrast media adverse reactions.clinical applications of dual-energy CT.as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).faint grid lines present on an image, with no grid cut off.loss of contrast in areas of different pixel density yet not change in density can be seen i.e.tighter digital collimation in conjunction with reprocessing will correctly assign the correct values of interest.this is often due to a largely collimated area of smaller anatomy i.e.image appears washed out and underexposed.often a computer error often fixed with recollimation post exam (this should be explored before re-examination).the digital image often will have obscurely shaped, tight collimation that defies logic.similar to ghosting, however, the digital detector not being calibrated when promoted is the cause.failure of detector offset correction 4.this artifact should be carefully examined, if it does not interfere with the anatomy, it is not a detector failure/grid cut off, rather a limitation of the detector calibration.faint radiopaque striping (often vertical) in the background of an image, yet not evident on the anatomy.large areas of signal loss, due to detector drop.occur when two separate DR/CR (digital/computed radiography) images are merged into a single image (see case 3). Digital artifact meaning portable#increased radiation exposure required for portable DR (digital radiography) examinations.electronics are visible on the exposed image.latent image from previous exposure present on current exposure.fixer splashed on film prior to developing.air bubbles sticking to film during processing.black “lightning” marks resulting from films forcibly unwrapped or excessive flexing of the film.malfunction of the machine or placing the film in the fixer before developer solution.
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